Airtel Marketing Strategy

Integrated Marketing Communications Group-8, Sec-C Ajit, Anuj, Prateek, Rohit, Vaibhav AIRTEL: Evolution ? ? ? ? Founded: 7th July 1995 First mobile phone company in the world to outsource everything except marketing and sales and finance operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa and the Channel Islands The largest cellular service provider in India 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 4P’s ? Product: Airtel is the fifth largest telecom operator in the world with about 230. 8 million subscribers across 19 countries ? It provides mobile, fixed telephony as well as broadband and subscription television services Airtel won 3G licenses in 13 telecom circles of India ? Product differentiation is limited so main USP is uninterrupted services and troubleshooting support ? ? Price: Price in the telecomm industry are close to similar, hence main focus is on customized payment plans ? User is free to choose between plans which favor cheaper SMS? s or calls ? Pay-per-second of usage v/s Pay-pe r-minute of usage is the latest attraction ? 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 4P’s ? Promotion: ? Promotions are usually in multiple formats as discussed further in slides Main focus is connectivity, customized plans as well as dependable network ? Place: ? Airtel has separate plans for each of the regions ? Rural customers get more support and focus is on basic services ? Urban customers are main targets for value added services and accordingly Airtel designs its product offerings and communication plans 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 2P’s ? People: ? Involvement of people with Airtel has increased with campaigns like â€Å"har ek dost zaroori hota hai† ? Final offerings are also highly customized to friend group discounts and so on ? Pack Design: Pack design is kept red to re-inforce Airtel Brand ? Description of Plans is also evident 4P+2P+3P for AIRTEL ? 3P’s ? Peer -to-peer: ? High rate of communication to increase peer-to-peer interaction and reviews especially in rece nt stages ? Personalization: ? Personalization is constantly on rise especially with value- added-services ? Participation: ? Airtel has tried to conduct contest every now and then to maximize customer participation but due to high brand clutter it is difficult Media Vehicles ? ? ? ? ? ? Above the line Advertising ? Television ? Radio Print Media ? Out-of-home ? Cinema Below the line Advertising ? Trade Scheme ? Consumer offer ? In-shop and shop-front activities Direct Marketing Events Buzz Digital Communication Ad Agencies ? Creative Agency- JWT India ? ? ? ? Airtel ended its 15-year-long relationship with creative agency, Rediffusion – Y&R on Aug, 2010. Rediffusion has handled the brand since its inception in 1995 The Airtel account is worth Rs 400 crore in terms of ad spends This also led to change in their logo Madison Media handles ? ? The media duties for Airtel for more than five years nowIt also handles out-of-home and digital for the brand too Airtel TV Commercials T V Ad Campaigns by Airtel ? â€Å"Har ek friend zaroori hota hai† ? Purpose: ? The commercial for Airtel aims to make the brand trendier for the youth, while attempting not to alienate its older target audience set ? To position Airtel as a brand that embodies friendship, and helps all sorts of friends connect with one another ? TV Advertisement analysis: ? The commercial depicts different kinds of friends one has, and how the presence of each one is necessary in some way or the other ?A jingle penned by film lyricist Amitabh Bhattacharya, makes use of ‘Hinglish' and popular youth lingo, and has the story of different categories of friends, such as the one who wakes one up during the wee hours for help, or another who may give you company during your financial crunch days ? The jingle ends with ‘Har ek friend zaroori hota hai', and with the message that Airtel keeps one connected to their friends TV Ad campaigns by Airtel ? ? ? ? ? ? ? â€Å"Dil jo chaahe paas laa ye† â€Å"Baat karne se hi baat banti hai† â€Å"Do airtel bajenge to tarakki main char chand lag jaenge† â€Å"Dil jo chahe pass laye† Kuch bandhan atoot hote hain, jaise Airtel ka network† â€Å"Airtel internet 3G par† â€Å"Express yourself † †Har ek friend zaroori hota hai† Ad â€Å"Do airtel bajenge to tarakki main char chand lag jaengeâ€Å" Ad â€Å"Dil jo chahe pass laye† Ad ATL-TV ? ? ? It creates Pervasiveness, allows Airtel to be in the eyes of the audience all the time Even though the audience is not obligated to pay heed to the advertisements, the high creativity quotient of the Airtel Ads makes it virtually impossible for the audience to turn a blind eye to them The Ads are very high on the use of imagery and music ATL-TV ? ? ? The genius of the Oscar winning music director A.R. Rahman is the man behind the catchy tune Airtel advertises more on its brand and its values than its products and services Mo st ads just establish the value and beliefs of Airtel than establishing its services like mobile, telephone, or broadband ATL-TV ? ? The likes of Sachin Tendulkar, Shah Rukh Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Vidya Balan, A R Rahman have all been brand ambassadors of Airtel at some point or the other One of the key reasons for the lasting impact of the Airtel ads is the reinvention of the content displayed TV (Sponsorship) ? ? Leading sponsor of Kaun Banega Crorepati Airtel subscribers were given a special chance to directly enter KBC ? Participation to the show was only restricted to the Airtel subscribers and BSNL/MTNL landline users for the first couple of seasons. Sponsor of Indian Idol ? Airtel subscribers got an exclusive chance to enter the show TV (Sponsorship) ? ? BCCI has awarded the series sponsorship rights of all international cricket matches played in India to Bharti Airtel for the period 2010-2013 On 9 May 2009, Airtel signed a major deal with Manchester United Foot ball Club TV (Sponsorship) ? ? In 2009, Airtel had signed a three-year deal orth Rs 150 crore with official tournament broadcaster ESPN Star Sports for the title sponsorship of the T20 league. Airtel signed a deal to be title sponsor the inaugural Formula One Indian Grand Prix during the 2011 season Print Media Radio ? Bharti Airtel is among the top two advertiser on radio in India (1% share) ? Promotional ads released by Airtel on radio: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Mobile recharge Score kya hua? Aaj ka kya plan hai? EMI Airtel World Cup Pack Airtel happy Recharge Airtel Minimum Recharge Marathon Airtel – radio ad jingle Consumer Sales Promotions ? ? ? ? ? â€Å"Friendz† pre-paid plan for youth Ladies Special† plan â€Å"Seniors plan† for discounts to senior citizens Executive Corporate Plans â€Å"Family Celebrations offer† – Special discounts in Call rates & SMS services Promotional Campaigns ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Airtel Jai Hind AD Campaign Leadership campaig n Quality Time Campaign Magic Dalo Say Hello Launch campaign Magic Hai to Mumkin Hai campaign Call Karo Sona Jeeto campaign Promotions: Health Campaigns ? ? ? ? Airtel and Wockhardt hospitals together launched a â€Å"Good Health† campaign to mark World Health Day on April 7 Comprised two health check-ups at discount of 75% Post-paid subscribers of Airtel could avail theWockhardt master health check up at Rs 799 against a original cost of Rs 3200 Also available as part of the campaign was the Wockhardt Heart Check at Rs 499, aginst Rs 2400 Grameen Mobile Puratchi: Rural Markets ? ? ? This scheme was for more than 45 lakh society members of IKSCL (IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Coopreative ltd) Farmers had five free Value Added Services under this scheme. The farmers had five free voice messages on mandi prices, farming techniques, weather forecasts, dairy farming, animal husbandry, rural health initiatives on a daily basis The pack for farmers ranged between Rs 1299 andRs 4000 along wit h the mobile phone. Direct Marketing ? Direct marketing techniques used: ? Email Marketing ? Display Ads, Social Media sites ? Location based marketing tools, QR Codes ? Telemarketing to customers Events (1/2) ? To reach their target audiences, Airtel has sponsored various TV programmes like ? Big Boss ? Indian Idol ? Super Singer ? Indian Sangeet awards ? Bol Baby Bol Events (2/2) ? Airtel has sponsored various events like ? Indian Grand Prix 2011 ? Champions League T20 ? Delhi Half Marathon ? Border-Gavaskar Trophy, other cricket tours ? Indian Fantasy League ? Indian Golf festival Buzz ? ? ?Launch of Blackberry, tie up with RIM Indian Grand Prix 2011 Social Networking sites ? Facebook, ? Twitter Airtel Simulator Challenge Airtel Out of Home Advertising – Hoardings ? ? ? ? Launching 360 degree campaign, spread over 43 days, rolled out in metros, mini metros in association with Madison media plus group Want to make the brand the part of every day life of costumer. Depict Air tel as youthful, vibrant &dynamic brand Gantries, bus shelters pole, neon's, traffic timers, unipoles, dropdowns, public utility branding, station branding etc are the form of advertisements involved Airtel Out of Home Advertising – Transit Medium,Street Furniture ? ? ? ? To communicate from door to door Seek more attention of the customer Key nodal points of market and high traffic points, TG dwelling and the concentration area Sky ballon branding, boat branding, Cycle branding, Airtel Product Placement Months before the announcement of the August 22nd iPhone launch, fanatics in India were screaming for their shot at iPhone 3G mania. You would think from the crowds in the photo that the Airtel iPhone launch in Mumbai, India was a raging success. Think again! One cult of iPhone follower present at Airtel's testical festival knows otherwise.Airtel Branded Entertainment ? ? ? Way to create buzz The ads can be flashed in between the various highly watched TV serials or can be sp onsors of some big movies Cricket matches, Super star awards, Dance, singing competitions Airtel Sensory Branding ? Through its signature tune ? Its unique color and logo ? Having celebrities like Sachin Tendulkar and A. R. Rahman Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 Digital Communication: Web 2. 0 CSR Initiatives ? ? ? Initiative of opening â€Å"Airtel Ashiana† for underprivileged children at the Mohali office of AirtelTied up with an NGO to distribute daily surplus food to needy children â€Å"Airtel Experience Centre by Access MO† for the benefit of visually impaired people as well as people from deprived section of society CSR Initiatives ? ? Bharti foundation, the philanthropic arm of Bharti Enterprises was established in 2000 with a vision to help underprivileged children and young people of our country realise their potential In the process of setting up a 1000 â€Å"Satya Bharti Schools† to deli ver high quality education to underprivileged children in the deepest rural pockets The First Mover Advantage 1.Electronic recharge 2. Hello Tunes 3. Airtel Live! 4. Portfolio Manager 5. Song Catcher 6. Easy Music 7. Black berry handsets 8. M-cheques Airtel- Retail Media ? ? ? ? Presence of recharging options through an extensive network of small stores/big retail stores/small or big retail shops/pan shops etc Easy way to recharge option by keeping a specific number digit for a particular type of recharge option Availability of new sim cards free of cost to increase the customer base at various outlets Airtel owned stores and Airtel galleries present in every district to address customer queries more responsiblySocial, Ethical & Legal Issues ? ? VAS Fraud ? There has been lot of criticism about Airtel for its unauthorized VAS activation ? Many of its services were activated automatically according to a complaint ? Several thousands of users were falsely billed ? In return Airtel lau nched STOP/START 121 services for such issues ? Alternatively, one can sign up on the â€Å"Do Not Disturb† list to avoid all telemarketing calls and SMS Controversy ? Bharti Airtel(India) was issued notices by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India(TRAI) for violation of Mobile number portability(MNP) Regulations. According to TRAI, it had received complains from customers regarding wrong rejection of porting requests by telecom operators Social, Ethical & Legal Issues ? ? Silcon Concept has dragged Airtel to the Federal High Court over allegedly making a publication to the claimant? s customers and subscriber by means of voice call, text messages or SMS informing them that the claimant is a band of fraudster (Oct, 2010) The CCC of ASCI has concluded that Airtel? s advertisement (campaign ‘Dil Titli„) is misleading, as the viewer of the TV commercial is led to believe that Airtel Digital TV has superior picture uality because of MPEG4 or DVBS2 technology (Jan, 201 0) ‘Dil Titli‘campaign Social, Ethical & Legal Issues ? ? ? The AIRTEL Digital TV advertisement offering ‘Free Regional Pack for life„ was accused of being misleading as the DTH licence was valid only up to May 2018 (Feb, 2010) The CCC of ASCI found the claim made in the SMS ad that Airtel Digital TV Recorder is High Definition capable as misleading BSNL has accused Airtel of unfair trade practices over the private operator's claim that it is the only mobile telecom service provider in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) (Dec, 2004) Thank You

Patellar Tendon Integrity Health And Social Care Essay

The patellar sinew is normally used as a site for transplant crop for usage in Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( ACL ) Reconstruction. This paper will discourse the construction and maps of the patellar sinew that make this sinew a good tantrum for ACL Reconstruction and the effects that graft harvest has on the staying patellar sinew. The maps of sinews are to attach musculus to cram, convey tonss from musculus to cram, assist supply stableness and guide gesture. There are a couple grounds why the patellar sinew is used to replace an injured ACL. The patellar sinew is about the same length as the ACL. Using the patellar sinew along with bone transplants from the shinbone and kneecap allows for bone to cram healing. The process that uses the patellar sinew for ACL Reconstruction is called a Bone Patellar Tendon Bone Graft ( BPTB ) . An scratch about 8 centimeters long is made below the kneecap. The sawbones so removes the in-between tierce of the patellar sinew along with the bone fond regards from the kneecap and tibial tubercle. The articulatio genus is somewhat flexed. This provides some tenseness in the sinew leting the sawbones to do a more precise cut of the fibres. Holes are so drilled in the shinbone and thighbone for fond regard in topographic point of the injured ACL. The staying patellar sinew is sutured tight together and the paratenon is sutured tightly over the sinew. Bone stopper may or may non be placed in the kneecap or tibial tubercle defects. ( Busam et al, 2008 ) This process affects the patellar sinew ‘s length, strength, burden to failure and mending procedure of the residuary sinew. Normal sinew healing has three stages: Acute redness, Proliferation and Remodeling. Acute redness occurs in the first three yearss. An addition in the figure of glycosaminoglycans and collagen cells is seen. The collagen cells are indiscriminately placed and disorderly arranged. Proliferation occurs between the 2nd and 6th hebdomad. In this stage the hurt is filled with fibroblastic cells that line up perpendicular to the older original fibres. The synovial bed is restored and so the fibroblasts realign parallel to the original sinew. The reconstructing stage may last up to four months. In this stage the new tissue resembles the original sinew as more blood flow reaches the immature tissue. In a six twelvemonth MRI survey of patellar sinew mending it was found that the size of the giver site spread decreased significantly. In this survey the staying patellar sinew was non sutured together. The end of the survey was to find if the patellar sinew giver site would look normal six old ages after reaping the cardinal 3rd. The cardinal portion of the sinew was found to be dilutant and the outer parts were found to be thicker after six old ages. In every topic the breadth of the patellar sinew was wider than the original sinew. The survey concluded that the patellar sinew does n't wholly normalise after being used for an ACL transplant. It ‘s of import to maintain in head that in this survey the giver site was n't wholly sutured. ( Svensson et al, 2004 ) ( Sanchis et al, 1999 ) An in vitro survey executing a remotion of the in-between tierce of the patellar sinew with a sutured closing of the defect was done to analyse the stages of sinew healing. Normal healing was seen with inflammatory hempen tissue busying the giver defect at three hebdomads. At 12 hebdomads the hempen tissue that occupied the defect was replaced by cicatrix tissue that was irregular and disorganised. At twenty four hebdomads reconstructing had taken topographic point in most of the giver defect. The dense cicatrix tissue had been remodeled into good defined and vascularized collagen. This survey showed a normal patterned advance of mending with clip. ( Bertollo et al, 2010 ) The takeaway message from these last two surveies is that complete closing of the defect with suturas provides better healing. A survey was done to measure how the in-between tierce of the patellar sinew healed after transplant remotion. The survey included 12 patients who underwent ACL alteration surgery utilizing reharvested patellar sinew autographs ten old ages after original harvest home. Biopsies were taken from the reharvested sinews. Using an negatron microscope the survey revealed impairment of fiber construction with separation of fibres compared to a tight jammed parallel orientation of the control specimens. ( Liden et al, 2008 ) In a recent MRI survey it was found that after taking the in-between tierce of the patellar sinew the staying sinew shortened by an norm of 4.2 millimeter or approximately 10 % of its original length. ( Hantes et al, 2007 ) This shortening may or may non ensue in Patella Infera. ( Bertollo et al, 2010 ) ( Upadhyay et al, 2005 ) Patella Infera is an abnormally distal place of the kneecap. This new place may do anterior articulatio genus hurting or restricted ROM due to alterations in joint burden. A survey comparing the tensile strength of the patellar sinew before and after taking the in-between tierce was done on corpses. The burden to failure before transplant remotion was an norm of 1920 N of force while after transplant harvest the burden to failure was an norm of 1460 N of force. ( Adams et al, 2006 ) Another survey utilizing corpses compared the tensile strength of the in-between patellar sinew to the residuary sinew after transplant remotion. This survey concluded that the residuary sinew was non stronger than the in-between 3rd that was removed. ( Matava & A ; Hutton, 1995 ) This shows that the tensile strength and burden to failure of the patellar sinew decreased after remotion of the in-between 3rd. A survey examined the strength of patellar sinews before and after surgery based on breadth. The survey concluded that the smaller the size of the sinew the less strength could be regained after surgery. ( Shelbourne et Al. 2004 ) In decision, after usage for an ACL transplant the patellar sinew shortens which may do kneecap infera. Strength is decreased and normal fiber orientation does n't wholly return. This makes sense because the new immature collagen fibres have fewer cross links than mature fibres. The patellar sinew can and will retrieve if the process is done right. However, it will non return to original strength, length or histological visual aspect.

Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Methods and Analysis - Essay Example Interviews are very useful methods of data collection. If done properly and professionally, the findings of the interview can provide the researcher with very important insights regarding the subject matter. In most interviews, structured questions are used to guide the interviewer in his/her quest to extract useful information from the interviewee (Denscombe, 2007). This interview in particular focuses on professional experience as well as online education. The main objective is to find out the perception of people regarding their present jobs as well as any online courses they may have studied. The set of questions used in this interview will enable me get to understand how people perceive their own employers and their job as well as if they make any significant contribution to the success of their organization as a whole. The questions will also be useful in understanding how people who studied online courses find the whole experience. Why do you work with your current employer? I believe the institution I work with has goals that resonate very well with my beliefs. I wanted to work in an institution that gives priority to good teaching practice as well as a great commitment on taking care of students needs as far as education is concerned. I have a great passion for teaching and impacting on the lives of young students in campuses and colleges and I believe I have the capacity to offer what my current employer wants and help the whole institution achieve its goals. What makes you very different from your other colleagues at work? There nothing much really to separate us because we all share similar views on education and teaching. I would however say that I am an all rounded individual and with my experience, I offer the institution a lot of useful opinions and perspectives in terms of where we want to be and what we have to do to get there as a group. I think that is what sets me apart from my colleagues, my desire to succeed and wide experience. What plan s do you have for research and development in your field of specialization? I believe in proper research to bring out new and relevant knowledge to help us cope with emerging issues. As far as my own research is concerned, I am currently working on some projects that will be due for publication soon. I am working on a book to be released soon, which I hope will help institutions deal with emerging challenges as they strive to educate young students. After my PhD, I plan to take my research further and work on more books as well as research papers that I hope to present to all stakeholders in the field of education. What would you say is your major contribution to your institutions department? I have initiated and taken part in various reforms at the department to make it more functional. We have improved significantly in the way we offer our services to students ever since I joined the department and I am glad to be part of this success. What courses do you enjoy teaching? I have ex perience in a wide range of subjects ranging from humanities to social sciences as well as business courses. I therefore give my contribution in any field that I am well versed with; however I mostly tend to be biased towards philosophy. I enjoy teaching philosophy more than anything else, but as I said, I always give my contribution in other areas when I am called upon to do it. What was your experience when taking your university degree? I enjoyed every bit of it. For my first degree, I was a regular student and the environment was very conducive for study. We had a great time on campus with friends as we undertook our studies. By the time I wanted to start my Masters degree, I was already employed full time, so I had to register for online courses which demanded a lot of commitment and dedication. I am glad I gave it my all and am now taking my PhD. How does the online course work? It is pretty simple because all you do is to enroll on a university or college website. Once you ha ve been

Financial Accounting and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Accounting and Report - Essay Example All these ratios have their own specific formulae and they are interpreted by experts by looking at the figures obtained from calculations. The management and the CFOs of large business entities and the users of these statements as well rely heavily on the ratios of a company (Tracy, 2012, p. 14). Net Profit Margins: The gross profit margin ratio shows how much net amount an entity earns on the percentage amount of sales made. This ratio is calculated in percentages and for the given scenario and data, the ratio calculated indicates the fact that the entity has earned sufficient net profits during the previous year. The ratio is sufficient evidence that the company has performed well for earning net profits quite enough for its forth coming years’ operations. Looking at the ratio, the new investors can be expected for making investment in the company as the figures of the ratio will boost their confidence that the company will continue to be performing well. The positive expectations regarding the increase in investors will also benefit the company as the management will look forward to expand the business with further investments for new investors. Current Ratio: Current ratio means the respective currency of current assets the company holds for a single respective unit currency of current liability (Leach, 2010). Or, simply, the number of Euros of current assets available to the company to meet a single euro of current liability. The current ratio for the company is quite favorable as it has 3.7 Euros in current assets to meet a single unit in its current liabilities. Gross profit ratio: The gross profit figure of the company is exactly half of the net sales as shown by the ratio. It is a good sign for the company regards the fact that their cost of sales is very nominal allowing the company to earn a sufficient amount of profit even if other operating expenses are a little higher. Since higher gross profits mostly result in higher net profits, therefore

The Use of Imagery as a Literacy Device Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Use of Imagery as a Literacy Device - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to analyze a single literary device depicted in Poe’s story. In as much as the story has a number of literary devices irony as imagery remains a dominant element of the work. It is quite ironical at the beginning of the story with a description of Roderick. Since he believes most of his family members are suffering from hyper reactivity he also believes to be suffering from the same disease. This is ironical as he concludes to be suffering from Hypochondriac according to family history. For instance, the narrator says, â€Å"I was forced to fall back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion, that while, beyond doubt, there are combinations of extremely simple natural objects which have the power of thus affecting us, still the analysis of this power lies among considerations beyond our depth.† (Poe 06) This was in support of the fact that he believed with no doubt the sickness was a family sickness. Consequently, the story reveals irony, which mak es the story fascinating as a disease, is only accorded one family. Despite Roderick and Madeline being a brother and a sister they are involved in an intimate relationship. For instance in the story, â€Å""Her decease," he said, with a bitterness which I can never forget, "would leave him (him the hopeless and the frail) the last of the ancient race of the Ushers." (Poe 16)This was a depiction of the relationship, which existed between the two, who were from a family of the ushers. It was, therefore, ironical for the two to engage in intimate relationship as this represented incest. This is evidenced in the book when he says,† And thus, as a closer and still closer intimacy admitted me more unreservedly into the recesses of his spirit,† In addition, a sulphureous lustle is displayed among the characters who perceive themselves as sister and brother. From this perspective, irony manifests itself clearly leaving readers wondering what type of characters the two were (Po e and Lanier 36). The house of usher is full of ironical happenings, for instance, Roderick buries her sister alive to fulfill his prophecy. According to his prophecy, the people suffering from hyperactive reactivity like his sister are supposed to get buried alive. This is ironical as to how one can bury another alive just because he feels she is sick. This is also ironical considering the incestuous relationship between Roderick and Madeline we expected him not only to show love to his sister as a lover, but also as someone passionate. It is expected when a person dies he does not resurrect; however, this is a common event in the story with Madeline resurrecting to meet his brother Roderick. This is an ironical representation of unnatural characters who portray a bizarre of menacing events. Distress and agitation fills the bizarre occurrence of events as Madeline struggles out of the vault full of her, own blood, this is a horrifying scene (Poe 56). Vampirism of the last part of t he story relays many messages to the readers who remain guessing what happened to the last duo of the family. In conclusion, irony becomes a major literary device used in the story dominating almost all the narration. The fall of the house of usher manifests a disappearance of the family, which mainly suffers from a disease, aroused hyper reactivity. Several instances depict irony staring with the intimate relation

Question #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Question #1 - Essay Example For these variables, almost all random variables correspond to the measures of tendency. However, in B5 it should be noted that the measures of central tendency are far from each other. In fact, there exist two modes for the variable. Also since the mean and the median are calculated and are not in the sample, the chance of picking a random variable which is the same as these two measures is zero. If the data is significantly skewed, the mean becomes an inappropriate measure of central tendency. It should be noted that the mean will be more likely to be found on the dataset where the skewness can be found. For example, a data set which ranges from 7-40 which is positively skewed can have a mean which is 15 only because most of the data range from 7-18 for instance. The presence of outliers which are extremely low or high data can also adversely affect the effectiveness of the mean as a measure of central tendency. If data is significantly skewed, the mode becomes the best approximation of the data's center. Mean cannot be relied upon because of the presence of outliers while median can also be misleading. Thus, mode which represents the most number of variable can be best represent the data's center at this situation. If the data is significantly skewed, the range will not be affected. ... PART 2. a. Determine the range, sample standard deviation , and IQR for each of these random variables: D1, D5, D6, D7, SBC1, SBC8, B5. Critical thinking: b. How would the range, sample standard deviation , and IQR be affected when data is significantly skewed If the data is significantly skewed, the range will not be affected. It should be noted that as the range is only a measure of the dispersion of data, it does not indicate how the data looks like. The range is simply a measurement of the values within the data set. However, it should also be noted that the presence of outliers in the data set will make the range very high. A symmetrical data is expected to have a skewness of 0 because the standard deviation is zero. Thus, when the standard deviation of a data set is computed as zero, it follows that it is normally distributed. The interquartile range is affected by the dispersion of the data set. It should be noted that as it looks at the 50% of the data set, the gap between the 3rd and the 1st quartile cannot fully indicate the dispersion because of the presence of observations which are in the lowest or highest quartiles. However, it is effective in removing the possibility of being misled by the presence of outliers. c. If data is significantly skewed, what measure would be the best approximation of the data's dispersion If the data is significantly skewed, the interquartile range serves as the best measure of dispersion. It should be noted that the interquartile range measures the dispersion by looking at the 50% of the observation. It removes the possibility of having misleading measures of central tendency by capturing the middle of the data and leaving the outliers behind. This is in contrast with range which is

Writting health care business paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Writting health care business paper - Essay Example The organizations can prioritize them, work on the solutions and provide a cost effective measure to it that will attract the clients and increase the business. Based on the data that is given for the possible causes of health and illness conditions, accidents top the fatal count of children. If some emergency recovery centers are established, could prove as a decisive factor in improving the client feedback. The data provided is classified age wise, and for persons in the age of 45, cancer and heart problems are the prime cause of illness. For persons aging around 74, chronic diseases tops the list. Finally on general assessment, the evaluation of the economic condition would help greatly in identifying key market niches. For example, Jehovah's Witness community revenue details are most appealing considering the fact they just followed a single policy of implementing private insurance and Medicare. Such scenarios boost the economy of the region and thereby allow other organizations to tread the same path. Innovative Medical Groups Innovative Medical, a $265 million revenue medical group is considered to be the biggest competitor for MCMPC. It has more than 1100 employees and is expanding its serving region with its new alignment with County Regional Medical Center. Provided below are the basic details of the group. Their strengths, weakness as well as the opportunities and threats in comparison with MCMPC are detailed here. Strengths The main backbone of Innovative medical groups is their strategic planning headed by Dr. Schwartz, who has a degree of MBA aiding him in managing things effectively. He has a great record in dealing... Threats With about 50% of the residents of the county trying to relocate themselves, it is posing a bigger threat for the group to make them come back for treatment. It is demanding that several advanced technologies have to be implemented in order to sustain the same rate of client visits to the group. But this investment does not 100% ensure that the profits will be sustained. It is posing to be a serious threat. Partnership Analysis In order for MCMPC to regain its financial stability and stature in the market, it needs to partner with any of the two potential partners currently doing service in the same profession. It has to do it in order to achieve new strategy based advantages, similar to the way Innovative Medical has achieved through its collaboration with CRMC. Following are the analysis and consultation views on what would be the best association for MCMPC that could be with either Good Sisters or Riverside Hospitals. Good Sisters Association If Good Sisters is considered to be the partner, then there are certain pros and cons that need to be taken into account. The pros include that Good Sisters is present in the southern part of the county; partnering with it would increase benefits reaped through this association in that region. Apart from this sole reason, there is not much that would enhance the chances of partnership relationship.

Reviewing the Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reviewing the Decision - Essay Example The reason why the manager of "ABC" with whom we work decided that they would manage to promote fully equipped base cabinets in the future was due to the request of one of their key customers for the immediate installation of 25 pcs. of such advanced base cabinets, plus their reasoning that because of the increased convenience of the more expensive base cabinets the same quantity can be rather quickly installed at other locations as well. Considering our general positive experience with "ABC", our history of making similar supplies of equipment which "ABC" quickly exhausted, and their leading position in their market segment, I decided to place the order at the manufacturer for the mentioned amount of equipment. After we brought to our stock 50 pcs. of fully equipped base cabinets, it turned out that by then the key customer of "ABC" bailed out from his liability before them, and the general market response to the prospect of purchase of more expensive cabinets was much less enthusia stic than expected. As the result of the mentioned facts, by this moment we still have on our stock 38 pcs. of fully equipped base cabinets for table-top coffee machines, which translates into 12,500$ of frozen assets.

Conservation of Biodiversity Essay Example for Free

Conservation of Biodiversity Essay 4.3.1 State the arguments for preserving species and habitats. Why conserve biodiversity? The values of biodiversity can be classified as either direct values or indirect values (see pp.119-120 in the IB ESS Course Companion): †¢ Direct values can be (relatively) easily calculated †¢ goods harvested destroyed for consumption (eating) or sale in a market †¢ generally physical commodities of some sort †¢ private goods value accrues to the owner of the resource †¢ Examples: †¢ food sources (‘heirloom varieties’ of many crops, i.e. corn/maize) †¢ natural products (medicines, textiles, fertilizers, pesticides, etc) †¢ Indirect values more difficult to calculate †¢ stabilize ecosystems (negative feedback cycles) †¢ provide benefits but are not generally harvested/destroyed/sold †¢ usually services or processes which benefit everyone †¢ public goods value accrues to society instead of individuals †¢ Examples: †¢ ecosystem productivity (a. k.a. ecosystem services) i.e. soil aeration, pollination, fertilization, carbon sequestration, oxygen production ,climate regulation, etc †¢ scientific or educational value †¢ biological control (another example of negative feedback) †¢ gene sources †¢ environmental monitors †¢ recreation and ecotourism †¢ human health possible future medical applications †¢ rights of indigenous peoples †¢ intrinsic (ethical) value biorights 4.3.2 Compare and contrast the role and activities of intergovernmental and non‑governmental organizations in preserving and restoring ecosystems and biodiversity. There are 2 main approaches to conserving biodiversity around the world: conservation biology and preservation biology. †¢ conservation biology sustainable use and management of resources; humans are a part of the picture and their needs are also taken into consideration †¢ preservation biology excludes humans and human needs from conservation efforts; conservation based on biorights How conservation organizations work: For a comparison of the work of GO’s and NGO’s, see Table 6.1 at the bottom of page 122 in your IB ESS Course Companion. It is important to understand how these agencies use media, enforce laws, respond to the issues, and work within the political/diplomatic constraints imposed by different governments around the world. †¢ government organizations (GO’s) †¢ part or branch of a national, state, department, or local government †¢ ultimately responsible to the voter †¢ have the authority to prosecute violations of regulations within their jurisdiction †¢ examples: Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of Agriculture, Eaux et Forets (Water and Forests), and other branches of local and national government agencies †¢ intergovernmental organizations (IGO’s) †¢ generally a part of multi-national organizations, especially the United Nations †¢ most agreements are not legally binding under international law, but each signatory country is responsible for legislating and regulating conservation efforts within their own territory †¢ the UN and other IGO’s †¢ Examples: UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), CITES, IPCC (Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change) †¢ non-governmental organizations (NGO’s) †¢ work independently from governments to protect threatened species and areas †¢ frequently form partnerships with GO’s and IGO’s to more effectively reach their targeted goals †¢ Examples: WWF, Greenpeace, and too many others to list here. For a brief summary, visit this Wikipedia page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_environmental_organizations 4.3.3 State and explain the criteria used to design protected areas. Be familiar with the idea of island biogeography: â€Å"Two eminent ecologists, the late Robert MacArthur of Princeton University and E. 0. Wilson of Harvardproposed that the number of species on any island reflects a balance between the rate at which new species colonize it and the rate at which populations of established species become extinct.† (For a complete explanation, visit http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Island_Biogeography.html) Essentially, protected areas can be thought of as islands within the surrounding landscape. The success and effectiveness of protected areas depends on several factors: 1. size larger space allows for larger populations and gene pools, and a wider variety of species 2. shape round is better than all other shapes because it reduces the edge effect 3. edge effects less edge is better; edge creates differences in the structure of an ecosystem, called an ecotone (an area where 2 habitats meet), which influences what may successfully live there. 4. corridors provide safe passage between protected areas 5. proximity if protected areas are close to other protected areas, they are more effective than isolated islands The above points are effectively outlined and explained in Figure 6.6 and on pages 128-129 of the IB ESS Course Companion. 4.3.4 Evaluate the success of a named protected area. Evaluate the success of these case studies from the IB ESS Course Companion, as well as at least one local example from India. For each case study, be able to outline and discuss responses to the following questions: A. Which species is the area designed to protect? B. Why is/are the species threatened? C. How and why has the protected area been successful? D. What are the weaknesses (and their causes) of the protected area? E. Describe how the criteria used to design protected areas have influenced the success of each case study. Case Studies 1. Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal 2. Sichuan Giant Panda sanctuaries, China 3. Sepilok Orang Utan Centre, Malaysia 4. Yosemite National park, USA 5. Serengeti National Park, TZ 6. Gir wildlife Sanctuary 7. Ranthambore National Park 8. Corbet National park 9. Kaziranga National Park 4.3.5 Discuss and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the species-based approach to conservation. CITES intergovernmental agreement designed to protect species threatened by international trade; voluntary; each country is responsible for its own laws, territory, and enforcement

Comparison of the surfer - judith wright and strictly ballroom Essay Example for Free

Comparison of the surfer judith wright and strictly ballroom Essay In order to feel a true sense of belonging, one must endure and overcome challenges, for in doing so they gain an appreciation of self and self worth. Conversely, those who do not test themselves and the barriers, can only experience a superficial sense of belonging that can not result in a deep connection. Judith Wright’s poem â€Å"The Surfer† presents an individual who puts himself up against the waves everyday, and thrives on the feeling he gets when he conquers them. Luhrman’s film â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† is focused around the standards of ballroom dancing by which an individual must abide in order to be accepted; the protagonist, Scott Hastings, finds in Spanish dance, a passion that allows him to successfully act against these norms. Both â€Å"The Surfer† and â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† notably exemplify the awareness and appreciation of self and self worth that is achieved from triumphing over challenges and to reach an enhanced sense of fulfillment. PARA 1- the surfer As a consequence of persistence and endurance, difficult tasks can be conquered and this can significantly benefit the individual, heightening their sense of self worth and consciousness of belonging. This idea is portrayed in â€Å"The Surfer†, as the individual defeats the waves everyday, although undergoing pain every time. The euphoric feeling he gets as he rides the wave is worth the pain he suffers. As the surfer dives through the wave, a shock of pain is to be born, as with â€Å"thorns in the face, stinging†. The use of kinesthetic imagery conveys to the reader just how harsh the pain is and â€Å"the gulls went wheeling in air as he did in water, with delight† is symbolic of freedom. The comparison made between the two, shows that he is not bound by restrictions.The word choice â€Å"delight† is also important as it evokes the significant amount of joy that the surfer feels when in the water. Wright uses the metaphor â€Å"last leaf of gold† to imply that the last moments of belonging must come to an end and in doing so has conveyed to the reader, all of the surfers hard work has given him a greater sense of belonging. It is evident that the surfer endures and overcomes his challenges, and through this he truly appreciates the outcome and the  achievement he attains. PARA 2- strictly ballroom A heightened sense of belonging through the overcoming of challenges are also seen in Strictly Ballroom. The main character; Scott works through the spanish dance culture with Fran to defeat the authority and therefore giving him the power and fulfillment of individuality he would not have gotten any other wise if he did not object and take upon the risks. The challenge of authority is established in the lingering gaze between Barry Fife and Scott Hastings. Both have facial expression of intent which intensifies the difficulty that Scott is confronted with to win over the federation. His acceptance of the challenge is demonstrated as he steps out of the spot light after dancing in and out, it is symbolic of his fight to whether he will be a follower or he will go his own way. His dance moves acquired from the spanish culture enhance his and his partners confidence shown in the medium close up shot as Fran and Scott spin around holding each other, their true happiness, tenacity and passion act as a substantial threat. They’re efforts are rewarded at the end when the diagetic sound of doug clapping is heard and a round of applause erupts, symbolizing the changing heart of the dance world and the respect and acceptance of the new dance moves. As a result of taking risks and overthrowing authority, Scott enlightened the ballroom dancers and deepened his sense of self worth to have a rightful place within the dance world. PARA 3- comparison and contrast Challenges faced by the Wright and Luhrmans protagonists represent barriers which restrict them from discovering or achieving an awareness and appreciation of a genuine sense of belonging. The texts reveal the unique obstacles they encounter and the ways they deal with them to achieve a deepened sense of self and self worth. Scott is oppressed by the federation, he breaks the rules by dancing the pace doble with an outcast, Fran, who becomes his support. This is depicted at the pan pacific grand final, as Barry Fife says â€Å"That is the future of dance sport, and no one but no one is  going to change that†. This dialogue is significant to the following scene as the camera cuts to a long shot of Fran and Scott posing confidently wearing colours of red, suggesting courage and gold, demonstrating strength. The costuming used shows they have contradicted Fifes statement and weakened the federation, as seen in the high camera angle and costuming as Fife falls down in a blue coa t that symbolizes power. Therefore, proving that Fran and Scotts persistence and development have allowed them to break down the barriers of their challenges. Whereas the surfer needs to overcome his physical pain to be successful in his challenge, in order to achieve fulfillment, Scott, by comparison, needs to both build his own confidence through practice and refinement of his craft and overcome the rules of the federation. The surfers minimum amount of time before he rides a wave into shore is crucial and is symbolic of his connection he has made to the surf. â€Å"Last leaf of gold† is metaphorical for the remaining time he has before the sun goes down. The word choice of â€Å"gold† shows that he savors the time and appreciates the fulfillment he has achieved from his efforts. It is evident that to achieve fulfillment, Scott must overcome the rules of the Federation with confidence and passion whereas the surfer needs to overcome his own physical pain resulting in a more complex understand ing of belonging. CONCLUSION- summary of points The barriers and challenges presented, notably enhance the understanding and appreciation of the outcomes. Luhrman and Wrights protagonists have significantly portrayed how challenges influence the overall achievement of the individual. Through going against the federation by performing illegal steps in which prove to be of more value, Scott achieves a greater degree of appreciation of self and self worth. Where as the surfer suffers the discomfort of the challenge and pushes through them due to his understanding of the achievement that will come through his perseverance. Ultimately, a true sense of belonging is obtained through the endurance of challenges and the overcoming of barriers to attain a genuine insight of self and self worth.

The Sex Selective Abortions In India

The Sex Selective Abortions In India The practice of terminating pregnancy based on the predicted sex of the baby is called Sex Selective abortion. Practice of sex selective abortion is very common is India, China, Pakistan and some other countries as well. The most common reason for the performing this act is to have male child instead of female one where their cultural norms value male child more over female child. This is about abortion, of course but its also a much larger problem: the worth of a womans life. In a culture where sons inherit properties and they carry on family name but daughters dont, more ever girls are more vulnerable to infanticide, abuse and neglect. (CHLOE, 2011). This paper presents how ethical is the abortions that are sex selective and what are the steps taken to prevent such practices. This will also focus on the beliefs of people of India. Background The incidents of female fetuses abortions are recent phenomenon due to the change and development in the medical technologies and diagnosis processes. But their roots can be traced to the female infanticide. The British rulers in India noted their experiences into their diaries during their travel to India. In 1835, one of the British officials James Thompson, while speaking to the landowners of Utter Pradesh, addressed one of them to be a son-in law of other. That comment created a sarcastic laugh among the farmers. When asked for their laughs, they said that he could not be son-in-law as there were no daughters in village. Thompson added that it was considered to be a most serious calamity to have a female child. And female children were seldom allowed to live. (Miller, 1983) Most abortions are done because of unplanned pregnancy or having a child causes danger or crisis to woman. Therapeutic Abortions Therapeutic abortions result from a medical reason where giving birth to a child may endanger womans health and life. Selective Abortions Selective abortion are those small fraction of abortion that occur in the cases where particular fetus is perceived as having undesirable characteristics. There are few reasons why the selective abortion is practiced. The unborn child is a girl, and parents due to cultural or other reasons, want a boy. When the fetus is defective. The pregnancy is intended to give birth to a child with specific genetic properties, and fetus doesnt have them. (Selective abortion) According to the study published in journal The Lancet, the number of the abortions due to reason of the sex of child has been increasing in last few years and the increase in numbers are alarming. The researchers state that there have been 4 to 5 million sex selective abortion performed during last three decades and the problem is still worsening. (CHLOE, 2011) From 2001 census of India, its very clear that there has been an unusual high sex ratio for the young children that have sparked the concern about the use of sex-selective abortions to satisfy parental preferences of sons. According to National Family Health Survey, also known as NFHS-2 , sex ration of male to female child is abnormally high that is 107-121 males per 100 females in 16 of Indias 26 states. There has been an extensive use of ultrasound technology and amniocentesis during pregnancy, particularly in Gujarat, Haryana and Punjab. The study also showed the masculine SRBs and worsening or persistent female mortality disadvantage despite overall mortality decline, the reasons behind that are female child neglect and the wide spread use of female infanticide in above mentioned and other places in India (Rajan, 1999). In a study conducted, the researchers stated that after firstborn girl, selective abortions of girls have been increased in India. And most of the population of I ndia lives in the states where selective abortions of girl child are common. (Prbhat Jha, 2011) The future mother and fathers families attend the sex-selection testing procedures and many a times the abortion is done against the will of the mother. The government has shown red eyes to those families pressurizing the expecting mother to undergo abortion. (Quinn, 2012) fig.1.jpg (Natrajan, 1972) Ethical views on Abortions and Sex-selective abortions As Rosalind Hursthouse states, any action is considered right given certain circumstances, from a virtual ethical perspective if and only if it is what the moral agent would do in same kind of circumstances. Here we will consider the case of pregnancy, when considering that when the ones decision to abort of not is called a right action when compared to its alternatives actions? (Caouette, 2012) A difficult case for the defenders emerges when there is a case of abortion for the removal of unwanted fetus because the fetus is of unwanted gender: Sex selective abortion. Sex selective abortion has always meant to be the elimination of female fetuses. In some countries it is not limited to fetuses, it also extends to infanticide. Abortion means killing a person, Warren states for instance, is no more serious than killing a guppy then abortion of human because of sex differences would be permissible. Many defenders would feel uncomfortable by such a conclusion. Many thinkers hold that abortion in general is morally problematic. However some arguments against sex-selective abortions can be understood based on the only assumption that human fetus is not a person with rights, but this assumption is related to abortion in the general only not to sex-selective abortion. (Kaczor, 2011) As here we are talking about India, we would focus more on the issues in context to India. Even though India has been worshipping Goddesses since long, some of the expectant mothers from India have been pressured by family and culture that privilege males into aborting their female fetuses. The government is becoming very strict now; new law makes the entire family to have a jail for at least 7 years, if the reason is found to be the female gender of fetus for the abortion. (Quinn, 2012) There has been always a role of the clinician to get these all deed done. So government has also decided to fine the clinicians involved in the cases of abortion due to gender discrimination. In some less-developed part of India, a daughter is seen as a financial burden to the family members in future. The reason behind this is considered to be the culture of giving dowries at the time of marriage of the daughters. The author adds that, there are ethical questions regarding the abortions of female fetuses. The number of men in India outnumbers the number of women by 40 million. Indian government wants the women population to grow but on the other hand it is restricting the womans reproductive rights of allowing her what she wants to do with her body. (Quinn, 2012) Moral and Ethical principles According to Mettanando Bhikkhu professor at Oxford and Harvard university, there are five fundamental questions that divide the thinking, moral principles and ethics to individuals. They are: Who am I? What is this world? Is there any afterlife? What is the meaning of my life? Why this has to happen to me? According to the answers one give o above mentioned fundamental questions, the people can be characterized as either from a modern society or from a traditional society. The modern society believes scientifically and the traditional one has the religious views. Abortion is considered as a eternal controversy. There have been two different views from the moral principles of the different groups. Pro-life: The human life is very sacred. Abortion is considered morally wrong and should be criminalized as it is equal to murder. Pro-choice: this group thinks that woman has right to terminate the pregnancy regardless of the reason for that. (Bhikkhu) Whatever the specific reason for the abortion, most feminists believe that the women concerned are in the best position to judge whether the abortion is an appropriate response to the pregnancy or not. Generally the woman never wants abortion that is influenced by the sex of fetus. The women should get entire control on their reproductive lives and be free from male dominance or family dominance. (Dickens, 2002). Religious views: Hinduism: If we talk about life according to Hindu scriptures, it is basically a dualistic model consisting of atam (spirit) and prakriti (matter). According to carak samhita, a Hindu medical text, at the time of conception only the soul is already joined. Though there are different opinions regarding ensoulments in Hindu scripture. According to the Garbh Samhita, the encoulments take place in the seventh month of pregnancy. Though there are some different opinions regarding the consciousness in to the womb. Vishnu puran, a famous hindu scripture, describes the consciousness in the womb. (Moad, 2004) The practice of abortion is negatively described in ancient Hindu scriptures, The Vedas. In the text Rg Samhit, possibly originating before 1200BC, Lord Vishnu is the protector of the child re-birth, implying that fetus actually deserved even divine reverence. While Atharva Veda expresses following plea in regard to those who perform abortion: With what bonds the overslaughed one is bound apart, applied and tied up on each limb let them be released, for they are releasers; wipe off difficulties, O Pushan, on the embryo slayer. VI-112.3 Enter thou after the beams, the smokes, O evil; go unto the mists or also the fogs; disappear along those foams of the rivers: wipe off difficulties, O Pushan, on the embryo slayer.VI-113.2 (Moad, 2004) Female is seen as Goddess in Hinduism and aborting fetus because of the gender is considered a biggest sin. Evidently, embryo slayer is seen as a killer and a suitable candidate to bear sufferings and sins of the rest of vedic community. In another Hindu scripture Visnudharmasutra, one who performs abortion is similar to attempting the worst sin in Hindu society, killing a Brahmin. (Moad, 2004) Christian: Christian and Jewish groups oppose sex-selection abortion very strongly. While the prolife-movements is pushing too hard these days leading to vote on the bill to ban the sex-selection abortions, some Christian churches remained silent on the measure and took positions opposite to it. The church belonged groups Methodist Federation for social Action, justice and witness Ministries of the United Church of Christ and Presbyterian Voices for Justice voiced their opposition to the sex-selection abortion ban. They are also supported by a number of groups including: Jewish Reconstructionist Federation, National Council of Jewish Women, and Union for Reform Judaism, Hadassah, Women of Reform Judaism, .and the Womens League for Conservative Judaism. (Ertelt, 2012) The Institute on Religion and Democracy asks why so many churches are not taking any stand to oppose the act of sex-selective abortions. The Institute on Religion and Democracy voted and strongly condemned sex-selective abortion as as a particularly lamentable and violent expression of sexism. Churches should be among first to stand and oppose the act of sex-selective abortions said IRD President Mark Tolley. Most of the church groups are concerned about issues like social justice and global problems that range from lack of access to drinking water to plight of those persons victimized by sex trafficking, Yet the gender-selective abortion should be considered as global problem only, Mark added. (Ertelt, 2012). Buddhism: It is very clear from the sources that sex-selective abortions have been disapproved by Buddhism as well. Superficially, situation seems not unlike the Roman Catholism, where the abortion though disapproved in the strongest terms by the churches drawing a canonical tradition. The most fundamental is consciousness (vi~n~naa.na), the fifth. More ever to specify the consciousness the criteria of moral status is nearly impossible to isolate (Barnhart, 1997). Sex-selective abortion practice in India As there has been always a social and Indian cultural demand to have male child, there was high curiosity among the expecting parents to know the gender of fetus. So, sex determination itself became a business for the clinicians. Sex determination became big business in India after it was introduced into 1970s. The billboards were stating that, Invest Rs.500 now and save Rs.50000 later. These kinds of advertisements were encouraging the expecting parents and save future dowry (Kusum, 1993). Posters in the train station promoted the sex-determination together with an abortion for just Rs.70. Certain clinicians used to distribute the flyers advertising their services. (Jeffery, 1984) However not all the clinicians are personally happy by doing these, sex determinations and abortions. (Professional obligations vs Personal ethics) Curlin_2009_physicians_obligations.png Courtesy: (Professional obligations vs Personal ethics) Social Context: To understand the practice of sex-selective abortion in India, one has to thoroughly understand the roots of cultural norms and basis of son preference in India. The concept of Son Mania in India is multi-faceted and deeply embedded in Indian culture (Ramanamma, 1980). In the ancient India text Athrva Veda, there are mantras written to change the sex of fetus from female to girl. A sons birth considered to be a sunrise in the abode of god and to have a son was as essential as to have food once a day, where as daughters birth was considered a cause for greatest sadness and disappointment (Ramanamma, 1980). Indian society is patrilocal, patriarchal, and patrilineal. The sons are supposed to carry family name. Sons are also charged with the duty and task to support their parents in old-age. Whereas on other hand daughters get married and become part of husbands family, they dont make any further contribution to birth parents. There is a saying in India that, bringing up a daughter is like watering to neighbors plant. (Jeffery, 1984). Since most reasons for the preference for sons are economically based, it is really very ironic to find that the extreme level of sex-ratio that is more boys to girls are found into the higher casts who tend to have wealth (Miller, 1981). Since come into the practice, the physicians always have been a strong support to those parents who want the sex-selective abortion done. This argument also involves the right to let the families make their personal decision. If we think a case of a woman having two or three daughters and still she deliver a girl child then her life will become difficult and she will have too many daughters. One of the famous Bombay gynecologists state that, How can you deny the mother to have a son instead of daughter? Who are we to take away her right to decide that she should have a daughter or son? It is better to get rid of the unwanted child than to suffer the whole life (Kusum, 1993). Although practitioners might have interests in this because of financial interest, its considerable that their views will be their interest oriented rather than in the interest of overall ethical situation. Governments Response Since the problem of male to female ratio is worsening, India has shown the history of activism and policy attention to Female -selective abortions. It started all the way in 1988 from the state of Maharashtra. Maharashtra banned the use of amniocentesis for the purpose of sex-determination. Fines and prison were made mandatory for those who administer the test as well as woman and her family undergoing the test. Within the same year, there were doubts raised regarding effectiveness of the ban on the sex-determination, because the private sector remained unregulated. The lack of government action was cited by a group of activist in Mumbai, which advertised the sex-determination and sex preselection. (Miller, Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates, 2001) The Indian government has opposed the practice of female infanticide and the practices of sex-selective abortions, but has been very slow and ineffectual in applying the law strictly around the country. The dowry prohibition act was passed by Indian government in 1961 itself approximately a decade ago the sex-determination techniques were introduced in India. Despite its revision in 1983 and 1985, this law has been poor in implementation (Bumiller, 1990). Maharashtra state provided the first policy model to take serious steps against these kind of practices. (Miller, Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates, 2001) The salient features of Maharashtra Regulation of Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques Act are as follows (Kusum, 1993): Pre-natal diagnosis is permitted only to detect any kind of fetus abnormalities that includes sex-linked genetic diseases. The test can only be undertaken by a high risk pregnant woman who should meet one or more of the following criteria: Age over 35 years History of 2 or more abortions or miscarriage History to the exposure to any hazardous substances Hereditary genetic disorder The uses of all kind of prenatal diagnosis techniques are banned for the purpose of determination of sex of fetus. Three authorities were made to operate all these policies, State Appropriate Authority, State Vigilance Committee, and Local Vigilance Committees. The woman who experienced two or more therapeutic abortions in past technically becomes eligible under this act. Secondly, while determining the ex-linked genetic disorder the can theoretically reveal the sex of fetus to the physician. So needless to say, corruption, increased in illegal practices made the practice of sex-determination unabated. (Kusum, 1993) Conclusion Sex-selective abortion should be best called Female-selective abortions. India is a very large democracy. The laws in country are very difficult to apply thoroughly because of the corruption and such other issues in Indian government. The clinicians, most of them never apply their own ethical and moral principles to such cases, everyone is busy collecting wealth. Morally my own beliefs, my faith in my religion, my nation never allow me to attempt such sin. A son and a daughter should be considered equal. We are living in 21st century, where there is nothing that a woman cannot do and a man can do. Personally I believe that the sex-determination should not be banned but there should be awareness among the expecting parents about the importance of life. The woman should be made think that what if her mother had aborted her? Everyone has got right to live, to take lives, is not in our hands. There is no country in the world that has placed sex-selective abortion high on its policy agenda, though the United Nations included pre natal sex selection in its Program of Action in Cairo Conference on Population and development in 1994 (Miller, Female-Selective Abortion in Asia: Patterns, Policies, and Debates, 2001) We should respect human rights as well. India is a developing nation and it should be thought that women are an intact part of Indian workforce. To conclude with, I strongly take my position against the use of sex-determination and the practice of sex-selective abortion around the globe, we all will have to re-think and develop a inner sense of equality and freedom.

My Growth as a Writer Essay -- Personal Reflection

I have never liked writing; I always thought it was a waste of time. It was a great therapy but I never found academic writing to be useful just tedious. Only ever writing when I had too made it harder for my writing skills to grow or improve in any way. I have not taken an English class since the 10th grade, even then I never gave it much effort, just doing what I had to so I could pass the class. Then I jump in to College English 1010, I feel like I do well in all other subjects but this one. English is my worst nightmare. However in 8th grade I had an inspiring teacher, Ms. Moe. She told us to write whatever we felt on paper, to create stories from our lives, to write from our souls. Of course all of my stories were morbid with sinister events, but well written. (Maybe because I would spend all the time I could with her, so I would revise and revise until it was perfect- well at least for an 8th grader.) Writing My Past as a Writer was a great way to remind me why writing was alright. This paper was a little easier to write because it was my story. I had to revise it a bit and add some more background to what I was writing in the class, such as my Johnathn story (there are more of them too). As to let the reader know why Ms. Moe called me ‘disturbed’, but that was not hard. I’m sure Ms. Geary was a little concerned after reading this, wondering if she needed to report that I’m unstable or a threat to others, but no I just enjoy writing things that get my dark side out (Iâ €™m stable now, I promise). Getting a perfect score the first time, I still revised it and added things I thought would make it even better to read. Peer reviewing with Russell was great because he had some great insight in how to portray my reputation. Havi... ...one on the topic, so going back to try and find almost every source I have ever read was a little daunting, but I found most of them. I wanted to thank Ms. Geary for reminding me how much writing can do for me. It helped me realize that writing isn’t so horrible but it is just hard work. My writing skills have improved due to this class and all Ms. Geary had taught me. She made class fun with her inflections and just the way she says everything, her personality definitely showed through. I looked forward to class but never the homework. Finally after reading over my final drafts of: My Past as a Writer, Problematic Essay and my Exploratory Research Paper I realize that I have dramatically improved my writing skills in every draft thanks to revisions and some positive criticism for Ms. Geary. I think I am now ready to take on the next step in the English world.

Teaching Philosophy Statement :: Education Educational Educating Essays

Teaching Philosophy Statement When I came to State College, I debated on a major, trying to find a career that would be satisfying for the rest of my life, or at least until retirement. I often wondered if I would ever find a career in which I could direct all of my energy. After much pondering, I decided that education is the right path for me. I now find that not only do I want to apply all of my energy, but also my passion toward helping and teaching children. Education is a very important part of today's society. Teaching is a way of making society a better place for today's generation and our children. Teaching may not seem like a very important career to some people, but when I think back to some of my own teachers, I realize what an important role that they played in my life. Even today, in college, many of these Professors will never know the impact they have made on my life. Many people have the desire to be a teacher from the time that they are children. They play school with siblings and role playing leads them to a career. My career choice was quite different. I had never considered a career in education because of all the bad things that you hear that they have to go through, and how little they got paid for it. Now I believe that knowing that you have impacted one child's life; that makes you more wealthy that all of the money in the world. This was my viewpoint until my sophomore year of high school. I had English Honors with Coach McCall, a true inspiration. Suddenly, I found myself in great anticipation of class and craving more knowledge. It wasn't until I had Coach McCall again my senior year that I decided that I wanted to motivate people the way that he did. I wanted to see their eyes light up when they have reached a certain level of comprehension. More than anything, I wanted to inspire kids to learn. It was that year that I realized that the reward for teaching is much greater than money.

English Phrasal Verbs Translation Into Russian and Finnish

| Article Summary| AEPS Reading, Writing & Spoken Communication – Language Centre – University of Helsinki| | | 20. 03. 2013| | The article represents a part of a research about English multi-word expressions and their translation equivalents in other languages. The research was important for different tasks such as language learning, translation, automatic multilingual lexicon etc. The article is a short review of English phrasal verbs and their translations to Russian and Finnish. English phrasal verbs are multi-word expressions consisting of a verb and an adverbial particle with a spatial or locative meaning.The meaning of this combination doesn’t depend on the individual meanings of its parts. The most frequent phrasal verb pattern is any form of lexical verb plus prepositional adverb/particle, and usually there can be a noun phrase, any pronoun or any adverb embedded between the verb and the adverb/particle. Neither Russian nor Finnish has phrasal verbs. Eng lish-Russian If there is an English phrasal verb with an adverb or particle, which on its own is a function word like in, on, up etc. , it is usually translated into Russian as verb with prefix, e. g. die down – , find out – .If a part of an English phrasal verb may act as a content word such as forward, behind, apart, together etc. , the Russian translation is often a verb + adverb combination, e. g. bring together – , leave behind – . However, some verbs of this group can be also expressed in Russian by prefixation, e. g. take apart – . In addition, if an English phrasal verb is highly idiomatic, the Russian translation will be either idiomatic expression or a lengthy explanation. English-Finnish Many English phrasal verbs can be translated as single Finnish verbs, e. g. ake up – herata, herattaa; move ahead – edeta. There are also phrases and idiomatic combinations in Finnish, which can be used as translations of English phrasal verbs, e. g. find out – saada selville, switch off  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ kytkea pois paalta. Sometimes we can use both techniques: hide away – piilottaa, panna piiloon, often the single-word expression is more formal. Often Finnish equivalent expressions and English phrasal verbs are morpho-syntactically close to each other, it is a result of influence from Swedish or other languages, e. g. : write down – kirjoittaa ylos. There can be also more native Finnish expression like kirjoittaa muistiin.There are also fixed combinations with object in Finnish to express English phrasal verbs, e. g. : tie  up – sitoa kengannauhat. Conclusion English phrasal verbs usually have a single-word translation equivalents in Russian and Finnish. The balance between single-word and multi-word expressions changes across languages. Reference: Mudraya, O. and Piao, S. and Lofberg, L. and Rayson, P. and Archer, D. (2005) English-Russian-Finnish cross-language comparison of phrasal verb translation equivalents. In: Phraseology 2005, 2005-10-132005-10-15, Lovain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Humans Did Not Cause Global Warming Environmental Sciences Essay

In the universe we live in today, we are ever looking for a opportunity to indicate a finger and name person to fault. And recently they have told us that the incrimination rests to a great extent on our shoulders. However, this clip we are non the guilty 1s. And today my spouse and I will turn out that to you. We shall demo you that this clip human existences are guiltless. That they can non manus whomp us into a rubric of incrimination based on an thought that our opposition seems to believe. We shall demo that there are two sides to everything and hopefully you will recognize that you have been earnestly misled. And that worlds are non ever the destroyers in every state of affairs. Our thesis is that recent addition in atmosphere CO2 is non chiefly caused or due to human activity. For our first statement we believe that, natural causes such as vents emanations and atoms of dust that can be released by vents into the ambiance. Animal respiration, decay and workss can every bit good make more CO2 than human activity can. For our 2nd statement we believe the nature consequence of H2O vapour and organic affair diminution makes CO2 in the atmosphere worse. For our 3rd statement, we would wish to explicate that the Earth is wobbly, so it does non revolve in a accurate nor even manner. Therefore far it creates atmospheric alterations on its ain. Merely by its uneven rotary motion around the Sun. â€Å" Harmonizing to the IPCC, 150 billion metric tons of C go into the ambiance from natural procedures every twelvemonth. This is about 30 times the sum of C worlds emit. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grist.org/article/natural-emissions-dwarf-human-emissions A When speaking about natural causes that admit CO2, you could easy convey up things such as vent emanations, and carnal respiration/decay. So many focal point obviously on human emanations and yet what about natures class? Volcanoes entirely can breathe 230 million dozenss of CO2 into our ambiance in a individual twelvemonth. Something every bit small as a little sum of vent exhausts can drastically alter the sum of CO2 in the ambiance as we know it. â€Å" Volcanic eruptions normally contain a figure of harmful gases like C dioxide, S dioxide, H2O vapour, H sulphide, H fluoride, H chloride, C monoxide, halocarbon and metal chlorides. The H chloride and H fluoride nowadays in volcanic eruptions are of import subscribers to acid rain. These compounds get dissolved in H2O droplets, present in clouds and so fall back on Earth as acid rain. â€Å" hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-volcanoes.html Now merely conceive of all these harmful elements eating off at our ambiance and destructing it? We merely have one ambiance and with all those gases from something like a vent. A thing that is portion of nature itself that is really endangering the Earth and our being every bit good. But that ‘s merely the thing. Vents do non merely harm us, but they every bit good harm all the workss on the land. And with the emanation of lava and ash autumn. It can run things such as trees, flowers and harvests. Another non- anthropogenic cause is really animals themselves. In fact animate beings can do around 57 billion dozenss of CO2 emanations of all time individual twelvemonth, merely by take a breathing. Animal decay every bit good plays a large portion in CO2 emanations. When a animate being dies it ‘s organic structure releases C dioxide into the air. And when the animate being happens to be in the ocean, it sinks to the underside and releases much more carbon dioxide. This mean s that organic structures of H2O, such as lakes and oceans every bit good have carbon dioxide within them. Plants every bit good let go of C dioxide into the air. Though they do adsorb CO2 utilizing photosynthesis, at dark they use up the O and merely let go of C dioxide. This is another procedure that is known as, â€Å" respiration. † In the spring and autumn clip there is a batch more C dioxide in the air, ( most a consequence from natural causes ) because a batch of workss, animate beings and dead algae are disintegrating. Because most died during the winter clip. This all happens in a rhythm, when the non life and populating organisms exchange C between each other, it is known as â€Å" The Carbon Cycle. †A Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.grist.org/article/natural-emissions-dwarf-human-emissions hypertext transfer protocol: //www.buzzle.com/articles/effects-of-volcanoe.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.personal.psu.edu/jam5646/edgloo/project2.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html hypertext transfer protocol: //encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/carbon+cycle hypertext transfer protocol: //tellus.ssec.wisc.edu/outreach/teach/ideas/kotoski/Minifact_Sheets/Minifact6_Carbon_Dioxide.pdf A † How much does H2O vapor amplify CO2 warming? Without any feedbacks, a doubling of CO2 would warm the Earth around 1A °C. Taken on its ain, H2O vapour feedback approximately doubles the sum of CO2 warming. When other feedbacks are included ( eg – loss of reflective powers due to runing ice ) , the entire heating from a doubling of CO2 is about 3A °C † – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm A Water vapour which is a natural cause does hold a really large impact on our ambiance. It warms the Earth in a certain manner. And can duplicate the consequence that CO2 on its ain seems to hold. In fact when C dioxide increases, it allows H2O vapour to come in the ambiance easier. These two nursery gases work manus and manus when sing the Earth ‘s ambiance. And because of that H2O vapour makes the effects that CO2 manner more worse than they CO2 is on it ‘s ain. The organic affair diminution as good is impacting the CO2 degrees. Organic affair has to make with the natural stuffs that can be found in dirt. â€Å" Organic affair is the fraction of things that one time lived, including works and animate being remains, cells and tissues, works roots and dirt bugs. † -http: //www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/_data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41641/Organic_matter.pdf Organic affair is a beginning of nutrient for things such as workss, because it holds a batch of foods. When added to regular dirt it helps the works to be in a better status than it already was. Organic affair is better for a works because it can absorb more H2O than regular dirt can. In fact it can keep about six times its regular weight in H2O. Which means in desert like topographic points it can do a works last longer and utilize much less H2O often. Because of its diminution, when the dirt in the organic affair ‘s decays, it is let go ofing more and more C dioxide into the ambiance. Since these dirts contain dead organisms it holds twice the sum of C that happens to be held in our ambiance. In Europe ‘s dirt alone it is said to incorporate 75 billion dozenss of organic C, merely by organic affair.A Mentions:hypertext transfer protocol: //www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocraft.com/WVFossils/greenhouse_data.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/41641/Organic_matter.pdf hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/vapor_warming.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.slate.com/id/2182564/ hypertext transfer protocol: //soco.jrc.ec.europa.eu/documents/ENFactSheet-03.pdf â€Å" As the Earth spins, it does non accomplish perfect rotary motion. It really wobbles somewhat, therefore alternately exposing the northern and southern latitudes to more and less solar radiation. This wobble in the Earth ‘s rotary motion has been doing alterations in the temperature of the ambiance for many 1000000s of old ages. † – hypertext transfer protocol: //www.acoolerclimate.com/global-warming-natural-causes.html A If the Earth is so inaccurate, how could be perchance be certain that everything that is go oning is something that we cause. It is perchance that we may be wholly off on what precisely is in our ambiance in the first topographic point. And because the Earth takes it upon itself to drastically alter the ambiance, there could be unexplained clime alteration. This means that it can convey unaccountable conditions to different topographic points. Such as doing a warmer topographic point like Africa colder and a colder topographic point like as Antarctica heater. Therefore far, this is another natural cause that can turn out to be much more fatal than human activity. It affects non merely human life, but carnal life and even works life. â€Å" Reasonably unstable orbit of our planet as a chief ground why the Earth experiences mass clime alteration and associated extinctions. The Earth ‘s rickety orbit could regularly signal alterations that finally prove fatal to about all species of workss and animate beings populating at a given clip. † -http: //www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,891454,00.html

Assignment: Fee Setting Essay

The government benefits seminar for children and families was a major success, so Advocates for Children will carry out a similar seminar in a nearby town. The executive director has decided that this second seminar should make the highest possible amount of money. For this reason, they will not offer a reduced fee schedule, and all attendees must pay the entire fee. This seminar will happen in a smaller room than the first one did, which can only leave space for 45 trainees, at most. Here is the seminar’s proposed budget: Proposed Seminar Budget 1. Conference room rental $175.00 $ 175.00 2. Audiovisual equipment Rental $75.00 3. 4 presenters @ $500 $2,000.00 4. 45 workbooks @ $15 $675.00 5. 45 lunches @ $12 $540.00 6. 45 coffees @ $3.50 $158.00 Subtotal $3,623.50 7. Indirect costs @ 25% of $3,622.50 $ 906.00 Subtotal $4,529.00 8. Profit margin @ 5% of $4,528.13 $ 227.00 Subtotal $4,756.00 You are the executive director. Following the checklist in Figure 11.1, perform all the computations necessary to set a fee. What will your fee be? What is your break-even point? What is your go/no-go decision point? Fixed Costs 1. Conference room rental $175.00 $ 175.00 2. Audiovisual equipment Rental 75.00 3. 4 presenters @ $500 2,000.00 4. Indirect costs @ 25% of $3,675.00 $ 906.00 5. Profit margin @ 5% of $4,594.00 $ 227.00 Total Fixed Costs $3,383.00 Variable Costs 6. 45 workbooks @ $15 $15.00 7. 45 lunches @ $12 12.00 8. 45 coffees @ $3.50 3.50 Total Variable Costs $30.50 Breakeven point I would put my breakeven and go/no go point at 30 attendees. I have set it lower to make up for margin or error, and when more than 30 people attend the profits will also increase. This is the revenue maximization strategy that I will use. XP= A+BX 30P= 3,383 + 30.50(30) 30P= 3,383 + 915 30P= 4,298 P= 143 *Fee will still be set within the standard bracket. Exercise 11.2 As the executive director of Advocates for Children, you have had a change of heart. You decide not to attempt to maximize revenues in this second seminar. You decide to exclude a profit margin in the fee computation, but you will include indirect costs. Additionally, the local United Way in the community hosting the seminar has guaranteed 45 participants. If fewer than 45 participants register for the seminar, the United Way will make up the difference. In exchange for this guarantee, the United Way has asked you to set the seminar fee as low as possible. Following the checklist in Figure 11.1, perform all the computations necessary to set a fee. What will your fee be? Fixed Costs 1. Conference room rental $175.00 $ 175.00 2. Audiovisual equipment Rental 75.00 3. 4 presenters @ $500 2,000.00 4. Indirect costs @ 25% of $3,675.00 $ 906.00 Total Fixed Costs $3,156.00 Variable Costs 5. 45 workbooks @ $15 $15.00 6. 45 lunches @ $12 12.00 7. 45 coffees @ $3.50 3.50 Total Variable Costs $30.50 45 participants 45P = 3156 + 30.50(45) 45P = 3,156 + 1373 (rounded-up) 45P = 4549 (rounded-up) (Divide both sides by 45) P = $101.00 (rounded-up) For 45 participants,the fee is $101.00 (100.63 if not rounded-up). * I chose to use the number 45 because the United Way has guaranteed that they will make up the difference if less than 45 people attend. Reference Martin, L. (2001). Financial management for human service administrators. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Analysis †I have written my article about cloning Essay

I have written my article about cloning. The opinions I have used in it are a highly exaggerated depiction of extremist views. I have shown, how ridiculous and outrageous these views are by overstressing every point and going to immense extremities, such as the â€Å"master race† and the â€Å"worker race†, these are so severe that the worker race would even be kept underground. I used pictures in my writing to make it easier for people to visualize the images that I am talking about because then they will be able to understand my ideas better. I have inserted a picture of Britney Spears, as she is a well-known, famous star, that many people like, or would like to be. The reason that I have included this particular image is because many people long to live like these stars and by using the image I am implying that if we introduce cloning and the so- called â€Å"master race† then everyone will be able to live like this. Many people believe that she is a â€Å"perfect† human being and this is the idea that I am trying to convey with the â€Å"master race†, that after using the system for a couple of decades, what will be left will be a, supposedly, perfect human race, which for many people the picture used illustrates perfectly. If I had room for more pictures on the page I would have used a picture of another stereotypical â€Å"perfect† male star to appeal to both sexes, but I wanted the article to look professional so I tried to keep the number of pictures too minimum. The picture will also encourage people to read the article because if they have turned over the page and they then see the picture of Britney. If they are an admirer, then they will most probably turn back to the start of the article to read it the whole way through. The reason that the picture has been repeated three times is because it shows what could be achieved by cloning, not just one, allegedly, flawless human being but as many as wanted, a whole race of them even. The repetition shows the main process of cloning as well, making an identical copy of something/ someone. I also use pictures of Morlocks from the film of the book â€Å"The Time Machine† by H. G Wells. The book and the films are set far into the future, this is also a little indication of the fact that this is could really happen in the future. These creatures were humans but as time has passed they started to live underground as they were using all of the earth’s resources, that is the main reason that I am using this picture to show what the, as I have called them in my article, â€Å"worker race†, would be like as my extreme plan is to have them working day and night, underground to provide the â€Å"master race† with everything they need. The reason that I have used such a ghastly picture is because I want it shock the reader, it will also draw attention to the article. The workers won’t be good-looking, as they will never of had sunlight on their skin and never of had any of the beauty products and treatments we take for granted so the picture is an accurate representation of what they would actually look like. The contrast between the purportedly â€Å"picture perfect† Britney and the hideous, unsightly Morlock should make people start to think that they would much rather be with the â€Å"master race† rather than the â€Å"workers†. There is also the idea that this is what the human race has become as it has evolved and that cloning could save us from this atrocious fate and instead bring us to the attractive future that the â€Å"master race† offers. Two of the pictures are in black and white, these are the pictures of the â€Å"worker race†, these are in black and white to give a feel of darkness to the pictures and to imply that this is the sort of life they would have, never seeing any colour, whereas the picture of the master race is brightly coloured and shows an image that people feel drawn to look at unlike the pictures of the Morlocks and the ants. This means that the contrast is even more noticeable between the two sets of pictures. I have used the layout of having the pictures cutting into the writing, so that you can’t help looking at the pictures while you are reading, helping the readers to picture the ideas I am putting into their heads, I have also put captions underneath the pictures to show what the pictures are of and how they relate to the topic of the article. The pictures are large and stand out from the page causing them to catch the reader’s eye whilst they are flicking through the paper, meaning that they read the article. I have used a strong title, â€Å"Hitler Was Right†, to fascinate the reader even before they have started reading the article. Including a strong political figure compels people to read the article as it looks like it could be an article of great importance. They will straight away wonder what the article could be about, causing suspense that will keep them reading until the very end of the article when they will realize that I was simply, apparently, agreeing with one very simple part of Hitler’s range of ideas, that the world would be a better place if just one master race was to occupy it. This title has been written in Times New Roman and is in font size 36, I have done this so that the title stands out from all of the other things on the page. People won’t be able to help noticing the title and this will generate interest in the article. The main body of the writing is in a quite large text; this is because I want it to stand out and not to be too small. The effect of this is that the article will not look as much of a difficult task to read, encouraging more people to read it. The prologue to the article is written in bold writing slightly bigger than in the main body of the text, this is so that this will stand out just a little bit more and people will read it before they read the main article. The writing in this prologue is encouraging people to read the main article. By ending it with a question † the question is: why not? † It makes people read on, as they want to find out the answer to this question, Straight away, in this first prologue I have shown â€Å"my† opinion, that I agree with cloning and all of the brilliant ideas that come along with it, this means that people will be under no disillusion while they are reading the article.

Causes and Effects of Nut Allergy

Causes and Effects of Nut Allergy NUT ALLERGY INTRODUCTION: 1.1 What is an allergy? When exposed to certain foreign substances, a reaction takes place in our immune system which is referred to as allergy [1]. Population of more than 25% in industrialized countries suffer from allergies [2]. These reactions are exaggerated because these foreign substances are recognized as harmless and no response takes place in non-allergic individuals. Most of the allergies are hypersensitive immune responses to these foreign substances. A substance that causes allergy is known as an ‘allergen’ [1]. Allergens include dust mites, foods, molds, pollens, animal dander, insect stings, medicines, etc. [2, 3]. Allergens may be ingested (swallowed or eaten), inhaled, injected into the body or applied to the skin. Most of the allergens are harmless and so majority of the individuals are not affected by them. In the modern world allergy is one of the most wide spread diseases. Allergy can vary in many ways like different individuals show various symptoms of allergies which can be moderate (runny nose) to extreme (anaphylaxis) [2]. 1.2 The Immunology of Allergies: Our body is protected from pathogens and other foreign substances by our immune system which produces a glycoprotein known as immunoglobulin (Ig) or antibodies from B-cells or plasma cells. The antibody involved in allergic reaction is Immunoglobulin E (IgE). There is overproduction of IgE during allergic response [2]. 1.3 Food Allergy: An abnormal response triggered by the body’s immune system to a food is known as food allergy [4]. Food allergy is different from food intolerance, toxin mediated reactions and pharmacological reactions [4]. 2.4-3.7% of adults are affected by food allergy [5]. Various fruits like peach, apple including peanut and tree nut are the most common foods which elicit a reaction. The most common cause of food allergy is anaphylactic reactions. Different studies have shown that food allergy has various hea lth related issues which has a negative impact on individuals. Food allergy is the major cause of life threatening hypersensitivity reactions [5]. The most common foods that elicit allergy reactions include: Fish Milk Egg Soy Wheat Peanut Treenut To prevent further reactions related to food allergy we need to avoid allergenic foodstuff [6]. 1.4 Nut Allergy: Individuals affected by nut allergy experience a large variation in the intensity of their allergic reactions. Nut allergy is majorly seen in children. Peanuts and tree nuts mostly cause life threatening food allergic reactions. Life of children and adolescents can be severely compromised by nut allergy. Patients dying from nut anaphylaxis suffered from multiple nut allergies. Symptoms related to nut allergy have specific IgE to more than one nut [5]. Types of Tree Nuts: Almonds Cashew nuts Filberts Brazil nuts Chestnuts Walnuts Pistachios Pecans Hickory nuts Macadamia nuts Hazelnuts [7] Nut allergy can produce: Swelling (angioedema) Asthma symptoms Vomiting Swelling in the throat, causing difficulty in swallowing or breathing A tingling feeling in the lips or mouth An itchynettlerash (urticaria, hives) Diarrhoea Cramping tummy pains Unconsciousness and faintness [8] 1.5 PEANUT ALLERGY: The most common and the leading cause of food allergy in children and adults is Peanut allergy. Peanut is a cheap source of protein. Therefore, peanuts are used mostly in protein rich food products [9]. 1 in 50 children and 1 in 200 adults suffer from this allergy. It is the most likely food to cause death and anaphylaxis [10].